SSC CGL Preparation – Day 17

Computer Basics – Preventive Measures – Network & Cyber Security

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🔷 What Are Preventive Measures?

Preventive measures in computer security are steps taken to protect devices, data, and networks from threats like hacking, viruses, data theft, and unauthorized access.

They ensure the Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability (CIA) of information.

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🔹 Why Are They Important?

• To prevent data loss or theft
• To ensure uninterrupted services
• To avoid financial and reputational damage
• To protect personal and organizational privacy

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🔷 Key Preventive Measures:

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🔹 1. Use Strong Passwords

• Should be at least 8–12 characters.
• Use a combination of uppercase, lowercase, numbers, and symbols.
• Avoid using common words or personal info (like birthdates).

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🔹 2. Enable Two-Factor Authentication (2FA)

• Adds an extra layer of security:
  • Something you know (password) +
  • Something you have (OTP, biometric)
• Used in banking, email, social media logins.

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🔹 3. Install and Update Antivirus Software

• Protects against malware like viruses, trojans, spyware, etc.
• Ensure regular updates for latest threat protection.

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🔹 4. Use Firewalls

• Hardware or software that monitors and controls incoming/outgoing traffic.
• Blocks unauthorized access to or from a private network.

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🔹 5. Keep Software and Operating Systems Updated

• Updates fix security loopholes.
• Enable automatic updates for Windows, browsers, and apps.

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🔹 6. Avoid Suspicious Emails and Attachments

• Never click on unknown links or download attachments from unknown senders.
• Be cautious of phishing or scam emails pretending to be from banks or companies.

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🔹 7. Regular Data Backup

• Create backups on:
  • External hard drives
  • Cloud storage
• Ensures data recovery in case of ransomware or hardware failure.

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🔹 8. Secure Your Wi-Fi Network

• Use WPA2/WPA3 encryption.
• Change default router password.
• Hide your SSID (Wi-Fi name), if needed.

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🔹 9. Log Out of Accounts When Not in Use

• Especially on public or shared devices.
• Reduces risk of session hijacking.

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🔹 10. Avoid Using Public Wi-Fi for Transactions

• Public networks are vulnerable to Man-in-the-Middle attacks.
• If necessary, use a VPN (Virtual Private Network).

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🔹 11. Use Secure Websites (HTTPS)

• Always check for https:// before entering sensitive information.
• 🔒 Padlock icon in the browser address bar indicates a secure connection.

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🔹 12. Use Role-Based Access

• In organizations, provide access only to required people.
• Prevents misuse or accidental damage.

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🔹 13. Encrypt Sensitive Data

• Encrypting files ensures that even if data is stolen, it cannot be read without a key/password.

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🔷 Tools and Practices for Prevention

Tool/Practice	Purpose
Antivirus	Detects and removes malware
Firewall	Blocks unauthorized access
2FA	Adds extra authentication
Encryption	Secures stored/transmitted data
VPN	Hides IP address, secures browsing
Regular Backups	Restores data if lost

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🔷 Security Habits for Daily Use

• Do not share passwords.
• Use a password manager.
• Don’t reuse the same password on multiple sites.
• Always check URL spelling for phishing sites.
• Be careful of USB drives from unknown sources.

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🔷 Government Initiatives (India):

• Cyber Swachhta Kendra – Botnet cleaning and malware analysis center.
• CERT-IN (Computer Emergency Response Team – India) – Government cyber response body.
• Digital India campaign includes steps for cybersecurity awareness.

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🔷 Focus Points for SSC CGL:

• Strong passwords and 2FA
• Importance of antivirus, firewall, encryption
• Safe internet habits
• Secure Wi-Fi and HTTPS
• Avoid phishing and public Wi-Fi risks