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SSC CGL Preparation – Day 12
English: Substitution and Transformation
🎯 Topics Covered:
- One Word Substitution
- Sentence Transformation – (Simple, Compound, Complex, Degrees of Comparison, Interchange of Voice/Speech)
📘 1. One Word Substitution (OWS)
🔹 Definition:
Replacing a group of words or a sentence with a single word that conveys the same meaning.
🔹 Examples:
| Group of Words | One Word |
|---|---|
| A person who writes with both hands | Ambidextrous |
| One who loves mankind | Philanthropist |
| A story with animals as characters | Fable |
| A government by the people | Democracy |
| A person who speaks many languages | Polyglot |
| One who doesn’t believe in God | Atheist |
| The life story written by oneself | Autobiography |
| A government by a king or queen | Monarchy |
🔹 Common Types Asked in SSC:
- Professions: (e.g., Dentist, Architect)
- Behavior/Nature: (e.g., Optimist, Pessimist)
- Government/Systems: (e.g., Bureaucracy, Democracy)
- Places/Objects: (e.g., Cemetery, Aquarium)
- Time/Frequency: (e.g., Annual, Daily)
🔹 Preparation Tips:
- Practice 10-20 new OWS daily.
- Make a vocabulary notebook.
- Revise regularly and use them in sentences.
📗 2. Sentence Transformation
🔹 Definition:
Changing the form of a sentence without changing its meaning.
✳️ Types of Transformation:
🔸 A. Simple – Compound – Complex
| Original | Type | Transformations |
|---|---|---|
| He ran fast to catch the train. | Simple | He ran fast and caught the train. (Compound) He ran fast so that he could catch the train. (Complex) |
🔸 B. Affirmative – Negative
- She is always punctual. → She is never late.
- He is too weak to walk. → He is so weak that he cannot walk.
🔸 C. Degree of Comparison
| Sentence | Positive | Comparative | Superlative |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mt. Everest is the highest peak. | No other peak is as high as Mt. Everest. | Mt. Everest is higher than any other peak. | Mt. Everest is the highest peak. |
🔸 D. Interchange of Active & Passive Voice
- Active: They built a house.
- Passive: A house was built by them.
🔸 E. Interchange of Direct & Indirect Speech
- Direct: He said, “I am tired.”
- Indirect: He said that he was tired.
💡 Tips to Master Transformation:
- Understand the core meaning before transformation.
- Maintain tense consistency.
- Avoid grammatical errors while changing sentence structure.
- Practice at least 15 transformation questions daily.
📝 Common Transformation Words:
- Too…to ↔ So…that
- Unless ↔ If not
- As soon as ↔ No sooner…than
- Although ↔ Even though/In spite of
- Because ↔ Since/As
🎯 Day-End Practice Goals:
- Revise 50 common One Word Substitutions
- Practice 15+ Sentence Transformation questions
- Convert at least 5 sentences each for:
- Simple ↔ Complex
- Degrees of Comparison
- Active ↔ Passive
